Study the following modal auxiliaries as your basic knowledge before you go further to the listening activity! 1. May means boleh or mungkin.
It is used to express permission or possibility.
Examples of permission: (a) A : You may go home, Ahmad. B : Thank you, sir.
(b) A : May I go home, mum? B : Sure.
Examples of possibility:
(a) A : You may be sick, Ria. B : Yes, sir. I feel fever.
(b) A : Where is Anita? B : She may be late, sir. She lives far from school.
2. Can means dapat or boleh. It is used to express ability/capability or permission.
Examples of ability: (a) A : Can you speak English, Vivie? B : Yes, sir. I speak it a little.
(b) A : Can you swim, John? B : Yes, I can.
Examples of permission:
(a) A : Can I go to the toilet, please? B : Certainly.
(b) A : Can I bring your bag, please? B : Yes, thank you.
3. Must means harus or pasti. It is used to express strong obligation or conclusion.
Examples of strong obligation: (a) A : You must study hard. You will have an exam next week. B : Thank you, you remind me.
(b) A : You are sick now. You must go to the doctor. B : Yes, I will.
Examples of conclusion:
(a) A : You got 10 for your English test. You must master all of the materials, right? B : Yes, I have studied all of the materials since the first day of this semester.
4. Could is the past form of ‘can’. It means dapat or boleh. It is also used to express ability or permission.
Examples of ability: (a) A : Could you do the math test yesterday? B : No, I couldn’t. It’s very hard.
(b) A : Could you help please? B : Yes, with pleasure.
Examples of permission:
(a) A : Could I stay at your house for one night? B : Of course. I’d be glad to.
5. Should means seharusnya. It is used to express advice or suggestion.
Examples: (a) A : Dian, it is raining hard. You should use this umbrella. B : Thank you, mum.
(b) A : You will have an exam tomorrow. You should sleep, it is already late night. B : Yes, mum.
(c) A : You should take medicine. Your body is fever. B : Thank you, but I will go to the doctor first.
6. Might is the past form of May. It means mungkin or boleh. It is also used to express possibility or permission.
Examples of possibility: (a) A : Jack is late. He might be trapped the traffic jam. B : I think so.
(b) A : You did an English test quickly. It might be easy for you, right? B : Yes, it is.
Examples of permission:
(a) A : Billy, I might not go home soon because I do not finish my work. B : That’s right. You have to finish it first.
a. Genre (text type): Description b. The social function: to describe a particular person, place or thing. c. Generic Structure (Structural Text): § Identification: identifies phenomenon to be described. § Description: describes parts, qualities, characteristics. d. Significant Lexicogrammatical features (Grammar): § Focus on specific participants. § Use of Simple Present Tense.
Simple Present tense:
Pattern: S + be (am, is, are) + Complement
Examples: (1) A : Are you all right today? B : Yes, I am. I feel well.
(2) A : Is Father sick now? B : No, he isn’t. He works at the office
(3) A : Is Mirna at the hospital? B : Yes, she is. She has diarrhea.
Simple Present tense:
Pattern: S + V1 + O
Examples: (1) A : Does your mother work at hospital? B : No, she doesn’t. She works at the office.
(2) A : Do you feel dizzy? B : Yes, I do. I feel dizzy.
(3) A : Do they get dengue fever? B : Yes, they do. They are hospitalized at the hospital.
Reading for the gist (the main idea) and the information:
- The general idea is the topic of the text which is discussed generally for the whole paragraph.
- The topic sentence of a paragraph contains the main idea.
The main idea can be in the first sentence of a paragraph or in the last sentence of a paragraph, or somewhere in the middle of a paragraph or stated explicitly.
- The specific information is the information which is stated implicitly in the text.
The detailed information is the information which is given in detail to support the main idea in the text.
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